Circadian Rhythm Disorders

Circadian rhythm disorders are characterized by shifts in the sleep-wake cycle relative to the 24-hour social rhythm, without disruption of sleep itself. The most common form of a circadian rhythm disorder is Delayed Sleep Phase Syndrome (DSPS).

In DSPS (Delayed Sleep Phase Syndrome), the sleep phase is delayed, making it difficult for patients to fall asleep on time and wake up at socially acceptable hours. This can lead to serious functional problems at school or work and, in some cases, even result in withdrawal from daily activities.

DSPS is estimated to affect approximately 0.17% of adults, but its prevalence is much higher among teenagers and adolescents, ranging between 7% and 16%.

The Center for Sleep Medicine conducts extensive diagnostic evaluations for circadian rhythm disorders, including:

• Polysomnography (PSG): To assess sleep quality and the sleep-wake cycle.
• Actigraphy: A non-invasive test that records movement over several days and nights to identify sleep-wake patterns.
• Melatonin Testing (DLMO – Dim Light Melatonin Onset): A test to determine when the body begins producing melatonin, a hormone that regulates the sleep-wake cycle.

The Center for Sleep Medicine provides specialized care for both adults and children with circadian rhythm disorders, focusing on aligning the sleep phase with the social rhythm and improving overall quality of life.

Treatment for circadian rhythm disorders is multidisciplinary and includes:

• Chronotherapy: A technique that gradually shifts the sleep-wake cycle to the desired schedule.
• Light therapy: Helps adjust the sleep-wake cycle by exposing the patient to bright light at specific times of the day.
• Medication: In some cases, melatonin or sleep medication is prescribed to regulate the sleep rhythm.

For both adults and children, treatment can be short-term and intensive, with guidance to ensure the therapy's success. In rare cases, hospital admission may be required to closely monitor the therapy.